Background and Objectives: Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cell differen- tiation and is essential for child growth. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This study assessed the current vitamin A status in Chinese children. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26 provinces in China between 2015 and 2018, and 277,064 children aged 0–14 years were enrolled. Data on sociodemographic factors and dietary supplements were obtained through interviews with their parents. Serum vitamin A concentrations were measured using HPLC. To reduce the sampling error, a weighted distribution was produced to estimate the distribution of serum vitamin A concentration in Chinese children. A new method was used calculate the CI. Results: The results revealed that 10.4% (23.9 million) (95% CI: 10.1%–10.8%) of Chinese children aged 0–14 years were at risk of suffering from subclinical VAD (SVAD) (<0.2 mg/L). Sick children, especially those with recurrent respiratory infections (21.3%, 95% CI: 20.5%–22.2%), were vulnerable to SVAD. A high prevalence of SVAD was observed in western and northeastern areas in China. Serum vitamin A concentrations in ethnic minority groups were significantly lower than those in Han Chinese children (p<0.01). Conclusions: VAD is still a moderate public health problem in Chi- nese children, especially in those with respiratory symptoms. Regular consumption of vitamin A–rich foods should be promoted through nutrition education for parents.