Background and Objectives: The few studies that have assessed the association between rice intake and mor- tality have generated inconsistent results. We assessed whether rice intake was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of the Chinese popula- tion. Methods and Study Design: We prospectively studied 2,832 adults aged 20 years and above with a mean follow up of 10 years. Rice intake was measured by a 3-day weighed food record (WFR) in 2002. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were calculated by competing risks regression (CVD and cancer mortality) and Cox propor- tional hazards analysis (all-cause mortality). Results: We documented 184 deaths (including 70 CVD deaths and 63 cancer deaths) during 27,742 person-years of follow-up. No association between rice intake and all-cause mor- tality was found. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as energy and fat intake, HRs for CVD mortality across tertiles of rice intake were 1.00,0.47 (95% CI 0.25-0.87), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.21-1.13) (p for trend 0.049). Conclusions: There was no association between rice intake and all-cause mortality.