Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
       Volume 17, 1
         (March 2008)


Abstracts

Contents	Abstract	摘要
The Asia Pacific Clinical Nutrition Society Award for 2008: Citation for Widjaja Lukito Mark L Wahlqvist Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):1.	PDF	PDF
Review Articles   Evidence-based nutrition (EBN) in the Asia Pacific region: clinical practice and policy-setting MARK L WAHLQVIST, MEEI-SHYUAN LEE, JOSEPH LAU, KEN N KUO, CHING-JIAN HUANG, WEN-HARN PAN, HSING-YI CHANG, ROSALIND CHEN AND YI-CHEN HUANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):2-7.	html	html
Cardiovascular pathogenesis in hyperhomocysteinemia TAO HUANG, GAOFENG YUAN, ZHIGUO ZHANG, ZUQUAN ZOU AND DUO LI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):8-16.	html	html
Original Research Communications   Nutritional Pathophysiology Effectiveness of a Taiwanese traditional diet for pain management in terminal cancer patients TSUNG-HSIU WU, TAI-YUAN CHIU, JAW-SHIUN TSAI, CHING-YU CHEN, LIH-CHI CHEN AND LING-LING YANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):17-22.	html	html
Protection of myocardium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by water extracts of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) MIN YANG, ZHENGPING XU, RONGHUA ZHANG, PIANHONG ZHANG, YAN WENG, YUELIANG SHEN AND XIAOMING ZHANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):23-29.	html	html
Effect of a milk supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactics Bl on the recovery from acute diarrhea MENG MAO, TAO YU, YING XIONG,  ZHILING WANG, HANMIN LIU, MARTIN GOTTELAND AND OSCAR BRUNSER Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):30-34.	html	html
Glycemic index of common Malaysian fruits S DANIEL ROBERT, AZIZ AL-SAFI ISMAIL, THAN WINN AND THOMAS MS WOLEVER Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):35-39.	html	html
Macro- Micro- and Phyto-nutrients   Iron status among Australian adults: findings of a population based study in Queensland, Australia FARUK AHMED, TERRY COYNE, ANNETTE DOBSON AND CHRISTINE MCCLINTOCK Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):40-47.	html	html
Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia among preschool children in rural Vietnam NGUYEN VAN NHIEN, NGUYEN CONG KHAN, NGUYEN XUAN NINH, PHAN VAN HUAN, LE THI HOP, NGUYEN THI LAM, FUSAO OTA, TOMOKI YABUTANI, VU QUYNH HOA, JUNKO MOTONAKA, TAKESHI NISHIKAWA AND YUTAKA NAKAYA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):48-55.	html	html
An assessment of progress toward universal salt iodization in Rajasthan, India, using iodine nutrition indications in school-ages children and pregnant women form the same households ERIC-ALAIN ATEGBO, RAJAN SANKAR, WERNER SCHULTINK, FRITS VAN DER HAAR AND CHANDRAKANT S PANDAV Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):56-62.	html	html
Suburban clustering of vitamin D deficiency in Melbourne, Australia BIRCAN ERBAS, PETER R EBELING, DIANNE COUCH AND JOHN D WARK Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):63-67.	html	html
Effects of vitamin D fortified milk on vitamin D status in Mongolian school age children DAVAASAMBUU GANMAA, UUSH TSERENDOLGOR, LINDSAY FRAZIER, ERIKA NAKAMOTO, NYAMJAV JARGALSAIKHAN AND JANET RICH-EDWARDS Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):68-71.	html	html
Co-existing micronutrient deficiencies among stunted Cambodian infants and toddlers VICTORIA P ANDERSON, SUSAN JACK, DIDIER MONCHY, NEANG HEM, PHEAROM HOK, KARL B BAILEY AND ROSALIND S GIBSON Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):72-79.	html	html
Fatty acid profiles of blood lipids in a population group in Tibet: correlations with diet and environmental conditions PATRIZIA RISÉ, FRANCA MARANGONI, ANTONELLA MARTIELLO, CLAUDIO COLOMBO, CRISTINA MANZONI, CLAUDIO MARCONI, FLAMINIO CATTABENI AND CLAUDIO GALLI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):80-85.	html	html
Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition   Fish consumption and health in French Polynesia ERIC DEWAILLY, LUDIVINE CHÂTEAU-DEGAT AND EDOUARD SUHAS Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):86-93.	html	html
Dietary patterns and food choices of a population sample of adults on Guam REBECCA S POBOCIK, ALISON TRAGER AND LORA MORRELL MONSON Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):94-100.	html	html
Bone mineral density of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults in Taiwan YUH-FENG WANG, JAINN-SHIUN CHIU, MEI-HUA CHUANG, JING-ER CHIU AND CHIN-LON LIN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):101-106.	html	html
The relative impact of a vegetable-rich diet on key markers of health in a cohort of Australian adolescents ROSS GRANT, AYSE BILGIN, CAROL ZEUSCHNER, TRISH GUY, ROBYN PEARCE, BEVAN HOKIN AND JOHN ASHTON Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):107-115.	html	html
Clinical Nutrition   Application of refractometry to quality assurance monitoring of parenteral nutrition solutions WEI-KUO CHANG, YOU-CHEN CHAO, MING-KUNG YEH Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):116-122.	html	html
Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health   Dynamic shifts in Chinese eating behaviors ZHIHONG WANG, FENGYING ZHAI, SHUFA DU AND BARRY POPKIN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):123-130.	html	html
Obesity prevalence and time trend among youngsters in China, 1982-2002 YANPING LI, EVERT G SCHOUTEN, XIAOQI HU, ZHAOHUI CUI, DECHUN LUAN AND GUANSHENG MA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):131-137.	html	html
Risk factors for excess body fatness in New Zealand children JAMES SCOTT DUNCAN, GRANT SCHOFIELD, ELIZABETH KARNDU DUNCAN AND ELAINE CAROLINE RUSH Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):138-147.	html	html
Parents’ views of the importance of making changes in settings where children spend time to prevent obesity DAVID CRAWFORD, ANNA TIMPERIO, KAREN CAMPBELL, CLARE HUME, MICHELLE JACKSON, ALISON CARVER, KYLIE HESKETH, KYLIE BALL AND JO SALMON Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):148-158.	html	html
Green tea and gastric cancer risk: meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies YONG ZHOU, NI LI, WEN ZHUANG, GUANJIAN LIU, TAIXIANG WU, XUN YAO, LIANG DU, MAOLING WEI AND XIAOTING WU Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):159-165.	html	html
Validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use among pregnant women in rural China YUE CHENG, HONG YAN, MICHAEL JOHN DIBLEY, YUAN SHEN, QIANG LI AND LINGXIA ZENG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):166-177.	html	html
Development of food frequency questionnaires and a nutrient database for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) pilot study in south India: methodological issues ANKALMADAGU VENKATASUBBAREDDY BHARATHI, ANURA VISHWANATH KURPAD, TINKU THOMAS, SALIM YUSUF, GOVINDACHAR SARASWATHI AND MARIO VAZ Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):178-185.	html	html
Future Events Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):186.	PDF	PDF

 

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Evidence-based nutrition (EBN) in the Asia Pacific region: clinical practice and policy-setting

MARK L WAHLQVIST, MEEI-SHYUAN LEE, JOSEPH LAU, KEN N KUO, CHING-JIAN HUANG, WEN-HARN PAN, HSING-YI CHANG, ROSALIND CHEN AND YI-CHEN HUANG

Evidence–based nutrition (EBN) has gained currency as part of the growing role of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to increase the validity, utility and cost-effectiveness of both clinical practice and, increasingly, public health endeavours. Nutritionally-related disorders and diseases (NRD) account for a relatively large proportion of the burden of ill-health, disease and mortality, especially as the nexus between them and both infectious disease and so-called chronic disease is understood. As resource allocation is increasingly dependent on the evidence for preventive or therapeutic effect, the case for nutrition interventions also needs to be underpinned by evidence. However, feeding studies are not as amenable to the designs familiar to clinical trialists and dietary interventions in public health may be complex in their conduct and interpretation, making other approaches like cohort studies more attractive even if costly and long in the execution. With a number of food system changes in rapid progress or imminent, especially in the populous Asia Pacific region, along with changing demographics, changing disease patterns and concern about present and future food security, a stock-take and scenario analysis of EBN was undertaken by a panel of nutrition scientists, population scientists, agriculturalists, clinicians and policy makers together with consumer and indigenous stake–holders in Taiwan in 2007. They found that clinical practice guidelines and proposals for health and nutrition policies required greater emphasis and expertise in EBN.

Key Words: systematic reviews (SRs), clinical nutrition trials, portfolios of evidence, hierarchies of  evidence, knowledge, traditional diets, evidence based health policy (EBHP)

 

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實證營養在亞太地區的機會與挑戰：臨床實踐與政策設定

實證營養(EBN)已成為實證醫學(EBM)發展中的角色之一部份，增進臨床實踐及公共衛生努力之效度、效用及成本效益。當營養相關失調及疾病(NRD)之間與感染性疾病及慢性疾病兩者與的關係被瞭解後，說明了一大部份的不健康、疾病及死亡的負擔。當資源分配逐漸依賴預防或治療效果的證據時，營養介入也需要證據支持。然而，餵養研究無法如同臨床試驗者熟悉的設計被檢驗。公共衛生上的膳食介入在執行與闡釋上可能更複雜，使得他如世代研究反倒較具吸引力，即便執行上昂貴且耗時。在人口眾多的亞太地區，隨著快速變化的食物系統、人口學、疾病型態及對現在及為來食物安全的考量，台灣在2007年，由營養、人口及農業學者、臨床醫生與決策者，連同消費者及原住民利害關係人組成專家小組召開一個EBN現況評估與情境分析。他們發現對健康及營養政策的臨床指南與計畫而言，需要對EBN更重視及瞭解。

關鍵字：系統性回顧(SRs)、臨床營養試驗、組合證據、層級證據、知識、傳統飲食、實證衛生政策(EBHP)。

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Cardiovascular pathogenesis in hyperhomocysteinemia

TAO HUANG, GAOFENG YUAN, ZHIGUO ZHANG, ZUQUAN ZOU AND DUO LI

Increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It can cause multi-disease manifestations such as smooth muscle proliferation, premature occlusive vascular disease, progressive arterial stenosis, haemostatic changes, placental vasculopathy, spontaneous early abortion, birth defects, impaired cognitive function and dementia. This review paper summarizes the role of elevated Hcy levels in cardiovascular and other diseases and the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology involved in the deleterious manifestations of hyperhomocysteinemia. We have collected data from MEDLINE, Current Contents and scientific journals, which included 112 publications from 1932 to 2007. Cardiovascular pathophysiology in hyperhomocysteinemia is a complicated process, possibly due to direct toxicity of Hcy on tissues, low S-adenosylmethionine, high S-adenosylhomocysteine or thrombotic events triggered by stimulation of procoagulant factors and suppression of anticoagulant factors and platelet activation, thereby enhancing oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell proliferation, formation of reactive oxygen species, hypomethylation, induction of unfolded protein responses and extracellular matrix modification. The mechanisms involved in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease still remains a mystery in many respects, and more studies are needed to elucidate this association.

Key Words: Homocysteine, smooth muscle cell, oxidizing stress, teratogenic action, proinflammatory

 

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 同型半胱氨酸血症引起心血管疾病的发病机制

血浆同型半胱氨酸升高是心血管疾病的独立危害因子。高同型半胱氨酸血症导致多种疾病发生的主要表现有：平滑肌细胞增殖、闭塞性血管病、动脉狭窄、止血能力的改变、胎盘血管病变、自发性早期流产、出生缺陷、认知能力受损和痴呆。该综述总共搜集了1932年到2007年间发表于MEDLINE以及其他杂志上的112篇文章，概述了血浆同型半胱氨酸的升高在心血管病以及其他疾病发生中的作用，同时阐述其在高同型半胱氨酸血症中的病理生理学分子机制。高同型半胱氨酸血症引起心血管疾病的病理生理学是一个复杂的过程，可能的机制是：同型半胱氨酸直接对组织的毒性作用、高S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸、低S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、通过刺激凝血因子和抑制抗凝血因子及血小板活性而引起的血栓形成，继而引起氧化应急、平滑肌细胞增殖、活性氧系列的形成、低甲基化、非折叠蛋白反应、细胞外基质改变。同型半胱氨酸增加心血管疾病危险的机制在某些方面仍然不是很清楚，有待更多的研究来解开这个谜底。

關鍵字：同型半胱氨酸，平滑肌细胞，氧化应急，致畸作用，促炎症反应。

 

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Effectiveness of a Taiwanese traditional diet for pain management in terminal cancer patients

TSUNG-HSIU WU, TAI-YUAN CHIU, JAW-SHIUN TSAI, CHING-YU CHEN, LIH-CHI CHEN AND LING-LING YANG

In addition to modern medicinal therapy, many cancer patients in Taiwan are treated regularly with herbal medicines or prescribed a traditional herbal diet. In this paper, the effect of a Taiwanese traditional herbal diet (TTHD) on pain in terminal cancer patients was investigated. A total of 2,466 patients diagnosed with a variety of cancers were included.  The most common patient-reported symptoms included troublesome pain (79.2%), weakness (69.0%), anorexia (46.4%), fever (36.5%), dyspnea (31.1%), and leg edema (30.9%). The 2,466 terminal cancer patients included in the study were randomly divided into three groups. The TTHD group (n=1044; 42.3%) were given the TTHD consisting of analgesic herbs (paeony root: licorice root = 1:1) and a Taiwanese tonic vegetable soup (Lilii bulbus, Nelumbo seed, and Jujube fruit). The remaining patients were divided into a reference group, given the regular hospital diet, (n=909, 36.9%) and a control group, given the Taiwanese tonic vegetable soup without analgesic herbs, (n=513, 20.8%).  All patients maintained their assigned diets for one week. A verbal numerical scale was used to assess pain. Results revealed that the patients given TTHD reported enhanced pain relief (p < 0.05) compared to the reference and control groups. We found that TTHD could alleviate the pain among terminal cancer patients thereby supporting the supposition that Eastern and Western medicines can be effectively co-administered to enhance terminal patient’s quality of life.  Further research is warranted.

Key Words: Taiwanese traditional herbal diet, terminal cancer patients, verbal numerical scale, pain

 

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探討藥膳芍藥甘草湯對癌末病人疼痛的評估

在台灣，除了西醫藥物治療外，許多末期癌症病人亦常使用傳統中草藥或藥食膳之治療，本研究即探討台灣傳統藥膳對於末期癌症病人疼痛緩解之效用。本研究共納入2466位病人，臨床主訴症狀分布以疼痛(79.2%)所佔的比例高，其次為全身倦怠(69.0%)、食慾不振(46.4%)、發燒(36.5%)、呼吸困難(31.1%)、水腫(30.9%)。試驗者分成空白組(909人)、對照組(513人)及藥膳治療組(1044人)，空白組不給予藥膳，對照組給予米漿，藥膳治療組給予具有鎮痛之芍藥甘草湯加入米漿中，分別投予一週後，利用設計問卷調查以口述數字評分法(Verbal Numerical Scale)評估，研究結果顯示以芍藥甘草藥膳調養病人疼痛症狀有明顯改善(p<0.01)，傳統中國食療期能幫助病人支持其精神生活，改善生活品質，相關臨床實證值得進一步評估探討。

關鍵字：芍藥甘草湯、癌末病人、安寧照顧、疼痛。

 

 

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Protection of myocardium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by water extracts of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.)

MIN YANG, ZHENGPING XU, RONGHUA ZHANG, PIANHONG ZHANG, YAN WENG, YUELIANG SHEN AND XIAOMING ZHANG

The myocardial protective effects of water extracts from Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) on diabetic rats were investigated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups, “control group” (n=10) with intraperitoneal saline injection, “diabetic group” (n=10) with 60 mg of intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection per kg of body weight and “Hsian-tsao group” (n=10) with intragastric administration of Hsian-tsao extracts every day for 4 weeks after intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. Body weight and blood sugar concentrations were measured before and after model induction in the three groups. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expressions in the myocardium were monitored by immunohistochemistry and rt-RT-qPCR analysis. Myocardial ultrastructural changes were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that diabetic myocardial ultrastructural changes included myofibrillar disarrangements, mitochondria disruption, and an increase in nuclear membrane invaginations. These damages were significantly less severe in the Hsian-tsao group compared with the diabetic group. A significant increase of the TSP-1 expression was also observed in the hearts of the diabetic rats (p <0.01), but it was relatively lower in the Hsian-tsao group than in the diabetic group (p <0.01). It suggested that Hsian-tsao treatment in the diabetic rats effectively prevented the pathological alterations in the myocardium and decreased TSP-1 expression.

Key Words: rat, Mesona procumbens Hemsl., diabetic cardiomyopathy, Thrombospondin-1, diabetes

 

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