Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
       Volume 16, Supplement  2
         (July 2007)

Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan Elementary School Children (NAHSIT Children 2001-2002)

Abstracts & Full papers

Contents	Abstract	Papers
Original Articles   The double malnutritional burden and regional disparities in Taiwan elementary school children: survey database and reference values WEN-HARN PAN AND MEEI-SHYUAN LEE Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):478-506.	html	pdf
Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan Elementary School Children 2001-2002: research design, methods and scope SU-HAO TU, YUNG-TAI HUNG, HSING-YI CHANG, CHI-MING HANG, NING-SING SHAW, WEI LIN, YI-CHIN LIN, SU-WAN HU, YAO-HSU YANG, TZEE-CHUNG WU, YA-HUI CHANG, SHU-CHEN SU, HSIAO-CHI HSU, KEH-SUNG TSAI, SSU-YUAN CHEN, CHIH-JUNG YEH AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):507-517.	html	pdf
Dietary nutrient intake and major food sources: the Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan Elementary School Children 2001-2002 SHIN-JIUAN WU, WEN-HARN PAN, NAI-HUAYEH AND HSING-YI CHANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):518-533.	html	pdf
Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children WEI LIN, HSIAO-CHI YANG, CHI-MING HANG AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):534-546.	html	pdf
The relationship between snack intake and its availability of 4th-6th graders in Taiwan CHI-MING HANG, WEI LIN, HSIAO-CHI YANG AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):547-553.	html	pdf
Dietary supplement usage among elementary school children in Taiwan: their school performance and emotional status SHIH-YING CHEN, JIA-RONG LIN, MEI-DING KAO, CHI-MING HANG, LIEYUEH CHENG AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):554-563.	html	pdf
Thiamin and riboflavin status of Taiwanese elementary schoolchildren NING-SING SHAW, JUI-LINE WANG, WEN-HARN PAN, PEI-CHUN LIAO AND FEILI LO YANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):564-571.	html	pdf
Evaluation of folate status by serum and erythrocyte folate levels and dietary folate intake in Taiwanese schoolchildren KUAN-JU CHEN, NING-SING SHAW, WEN-HARN PAN AND BI-FONG LIN  Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):572-578.	html	pdf
Magnesium deficiency and its lack of association with asthma in Taiwanese elementary school children  JUI-LINE WANG, NING-SING SHAW AND MEI-DING KAO Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):579-584.	html	pdf
Bone mass status of school-aged children in Taiwan assessed by quantitative ultrasound: the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan Elementary School Children (NAHSIT Children 2001-2002) YI-CHIN LIN, SU-HAO TU AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):585-593.	html	pdf
Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese children MEEI-SHYUAN LEE, MARK L WAHLQVIST, HSIAO-LI YU AND WEN-HARN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):594-600.	html	pdf
Prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities among schoolchildren in Taiwan NAIN-FENG CHU AND WEN-HAN PAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(S2):601-607..	html	pdf

 

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The double malnutritional burden and regional disparities in Taiwan elementary school children: survey database and reference values

Wen-Harn Pan and Meei-Shyuan Lee 

This special issue on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan Elementary School Children carried out during 2001-2002 (NAHSIT Children 2001-2002) portrays the current dilemma of the so-called "double nutritional burden" in Taiwanese children with papers addressing topics on the dietary characteristics, nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, usage of nutritional supplements, nutritional biochemistry, and various aspects of diet, nutrition, behavior, health and wellbeing in children. The emergence of a double health burden in Taiwanese children is more prevalent in the underprivileged and less urbanized communities than in metropolitan cities. The NAHSIT Children 2001-2002 survey provides age-, and gender- specific percentile values for anthropometric measurements, physiological variables like physical fitness, blood pressure and pulse, respiratory function and bone density; nutritional hematology and biochemistry. For international comparison, these reference data are tabulated in this report and the survey data are made available in the data archive system maintained by the Center for Survey Research, Academia Sinica.  

Key Words: Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan Elementary School  Children, NAHSIT Children 2001-2002, double malnutrition burden, database, reference values

 

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臺灣地區國小學童之雙重營養不良負擔及區域不平等：調查資料與參考值 

這個國小學童國民營養健康狀況變遷調查2001-2002 (NAHSIT Children 2001-2002)專刊，包含針對兒童之飲食特性、營養相關知識、態度及行為、營養補充劑使用、營養生化、及不同的飲食、營養、行為、健康及安適觀點等議題的文章，描繪目前臺灣地區兒童所謂的「雙重營養負擔」的困境。這種臺灣兒童雙重健康負擔問題的浮現，以弱勢及都市化程度較低的社區較之都會地區來得普遍。NAHSIT Children 2001-2002同時提供了體位測量、生理變項（如體適能、血壓及脈搏、呼吸功能及骨密度）、營養血液及生化之年齡別及性別百分位值。為了國際間的比較，這些參考值均附錄在本報告中，調查數據則保存在中央研究院調查工作研究室所維護的資料庫系統中，供學界申請使用。

 關鍵字：國小學童國民營養健康狀況變遷調查2001-2002、NAHSIT Children 2001-2002、雙重營養不良負擔、資料庫、參考值。

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Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan Elementary School Children 2001-2002: research design, methods and scope

Su-Hao Tu, Yung-Tai Hung, Hsing-Yi Chang, Chi-Ming Hang, Ning-Sing Shaw, Wei Lin, Yi-Chin Lin, Su-Wan Hu, Yao-Hsu Yang, Tzee-Chung Wu, Ya-Hui Chang, Shu-Chen Su, Hsiao-Chi Hsu, Keh-Sung Tsai, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Chih-Jung Yeh and Wen-Harn Pan

The "Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan's Elementary School Children (2001-2002)" was to investigate the nutritional status, influential dietary and non-dietary factors, health and development, and school performance, as well as the inter-relationships among these factors. The survey adopted a two-staged stratified, clustered probability sampling scheme. Towns and districts in Taiwan with particular ethnic and geographical characteristics were designated into 13 strata including Hakka areas, mountain areas, eastern Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, 3 northern regions, 3 central regions and 3 southern regions. Eight schools were selected from each stratum using the probabilities proportional to sizes method. Twenty-four pupils were randomly selected within each school. The survey included face-to-face interviews and health examinations. Taking seasonal effects into consideration, the face-to-face interviews were evenly allocated into each of the two semesters. A total of 2,419 face-to-face interviews and 2,475 health examinations were completed. Interview data included household information, socio-demographics, 24-hour dietary recall, food frequency, dietary and nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, physical activity, medical history, oral health, pubertal development, and bone health. Health exam data included anthropometry, blood pressure, physical fitness, bone density, dental health, and blood and urine collection. SUDAAN was used to adjust sampling design effect. There were no significant differences in sibling rank and parental characteristics between respondents and non-respondents, which indicates that our survey is representative and unbiased. The results of this survey will increase our understanding on the nutrition and health status of schoolchildren and can be used to shape public health policy in Taiwan.
Key Words: survey, schoolchildren, nutrition, diet, health

 

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臺灣地區國小學童營養健康狀況調查(2001-2002)：研究設計、方法及內容

 臺灣地區國小學童營養健康狀況調查(2001-2002)目的在探討國小學童飲食與營養狀況，影響營養狀況之飲食及非飲食因素，學童健康及發展狀況與在校表現，及這些因素相互關係。採分層兩段集束取樣法，將臺灣地區各鄉鎮市區按特殊族群與地理位置分成13層：客家、山地、東部、澎湖，北部、中部及南部地區各3層。每一層以等比例抽樣原則(Probabilities proportional to sizes: PPS)抽取8所學校，抽中學校再簡單隨機抽出24位學生。本調查包含面訪與身體健康檢查兩部分。考慮季節效應後，面訪在一學年兩個學期中的每一學期分成上半與下半學期進行，最後共完成面訪2,419人。身體檢查部份完成2,475人。面訪資料包括：家戶及社會人口背景資料、24小時飲食回憶、飲食頻率、營養知識、態度與行為、體能活動量、疾病與藥物史、口腔保健、青春期發展量表與骨質健康。體檢項目包括：人體測量、血壓、體溫、體適能、骨質密度、牙齒健康、抽空腹血與收尿。以SUDAAN調整抽樣設計效應，發現調查回應者與不回應者間在家中排行及父母親人口特徵上無明顯差異，顯示本調查之代表性應無偏差。此調查結果有助於瞭解臺灣地區國小學童的營養與健康狀況，以及制訂公共衛生營養政策。 

關鍵字：調查、學童、營養、飲食、健康。

 

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Dietary nutrient intake and major food sources: the Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan Elementary School Children 2001-2002

Shin-Jiuan Wu, Wen-Harn Pan, Nai-HuaYeh and Hsing-Yi Chang 

The aim of the study was to investigate nutrient intake and their dietary sources in Taiwanese children ages 6-12 years by analyzing the 24-hour recall data of 2386 participants from a nationally representative sample.  Results showed that children in Taiwan were slightly lower in mean proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates (53.5% of energy intake) and higher in those from fats (30.8%) and protein (15.8%) as based on the recommendations of Department of Health in Taiwan. The mean intake of vitamins and of minerals by children was equivalent to or exceeded Daily Reference Intake of Taiwan (DRI) or other recommended standards with the exception of a seriously insufficient calcium intake and extremely high sodium intake. A substantial proportion of children in different age/gender/location strata had lower mean vitamin and mineral intake by DRI and other recommended standards. These nutrient profiles were mainly related to dietary patterns with relatively low intake of fruits, vegetables, cereals/grains, and dairy products, but high intake of the protein-rich foods, salt/sauces, and fats/oils. According to the suboptimal dietary nutrient profiles of Taiwanese children, particularly in the underprivileged areas, recommendations are made in this article for policy makers and health practitioners to consider in order to improve dietary quality of elementary school children.

Key Words: 24-hour recall, elementary school children, food sources, Nutrition and Health Survey, Daily Reference Intakes

 

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臺灣國小學童的營養攝取狀況與食物來源  

本研究的主要目的在瞭解臺灣國小學童的營養攝取狀況與食物來源。資料來源是以2001~2002年進行的「臺灣國小學童營養健康狀況調查」中6~12歲學童2386個全國性樣本為對象，分析其二十四小時飲食回憶記錄中，不同性別、年齡及地區的國小學童，對各種營養素的攝取狀況及其食物來源。研究結果顯示6~12歲學童由三大營養素所提供的總熱量中，醣類佔53%、脂肪佔31%、蛋白質佔16%；學童除了鈣嚴重攝取不足與鈉攝取過量外，各種維生素與礦物質的平均攝取量皆超過或接近「 臺灣膳食營養素參考攝取量」(DRIs)與其他建議標準；但是不同年齡、性別與地區，仍有一部份學童的維生素與礦物質攝取量低於DRI與其他建議標準。學童的飲食型態，呈現出較低的蔬菜、水果、五穀根莖類與乳製品攝取量；較高的肉魚蛋豆類、鹽/湯與油脂類攝取量。因此建議政府與有關的實務工作者，應留意國小學童的營養攝取問題，並提供適當的改善措施。

關鍵字：24-小時回憶法、國小學童、食物來源、營養與健康調查、膳食營養素參考攝取量。

 

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Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children

Wei Lin, Hsiao-Chi Yang, Chi-Ming Hang and Wen-Harn Pan

The purpose of this study is to understand nutrition knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Taiwanese elementary school children, and the relationship of these various components. The results indicated that children's knowledge was fair in nutrition basics, but poor in 'the physiological function of nutrients', 'relationships between diet/nutrients and disease', and 'the daily serving requirement for different food groups'. Children in general valued the importance of nutrition, but they did not concern the health benefit of foods in food selections. Their dietary quality was not satisfactory, and the diet of most children did not meet the recommended serving requirements for milk, vegetable, fruit, and cereals and grains groups. Positive relationships were found among nutrition knowledge, attitude, caring- about-nutrition behavior and dietary quality score. The restraint or disinhibited eating behavior of 4^th to 6^th graders was not serious, but a large number of children already performed some self-controlling practices to avoid obesity, but not frequently. One fourth of the students skipped meals, especially breakfast, and one quarter of 4^th to 6^th graders prepared their own breakfast; which may have some impact on children's diet quality. A gap was found between nutrition knowledge, attitude and eating behavior, especially vegetable and fruit consumption, indicating that the attitude toward eating for health was not strong in this age group. Future nutrition education for school children should not only include food serving requirements of food groups, but also apply appropriate theories to improve the motivation for healthy eating.
Key Words: elementary school children, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, nutrition behaviour, dietary quality

 

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臺灣國小學童的營養知識、態度及行為

 本研究為瞭解臺灣國小學童的營養知識、態度、行為現況以及其間的關係。結果顯示，學童的基礎知識尚可，但欠缺營養與疾病，六大類食物每日需要量等知識。學童肯定營養的重要性，但在選食時並不以食物對健康的益處作考量，且大多沒有達到奶類、蔬菜、水果和五穀根莖類的每日建議攝取量。四至六年級學童節制飲食行為情形尚不嚴重，但已有相當比例者因怕胖而採取一些節制行為。約1/4學童經常略餐，尤其是早餐，1/4的4-6年級學童自己準備早餐。營養知識、態度、選食與關心營養行為及飲食品質分數兩兩間皆有顯著正相關。研究顯示學童營養知識、態度及行為間存在落差。建議未來營養教育不僅需教導學童食物的需要量，也需利用適當理論來提昇其實踐健康飲食行為的動機。

 關鍵字：國&#