Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
       Volume 16, 3
         (September 2007)


Abstracts & Full papers

Contents	Abstract	Papers
Original Articles   Nutritional Pathophysiology   Improved alpha amylase and Helicobacter pylorii inhibition by fenugreek extracts derived via solid-state bioconversion using Rhizopus oligosporus REENA RANDHIR, KALIDAS SHETTY Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):382-392.	html	pdf
Recycled palm oil is better than soy oil in maintaining bone properties in a menopausal syndrome model of ovariectomized rat AHMAD NAZRUN SHUID, LOH HONG CHUAN, NORAZLINA MOHAMED, KAMSIAH JAARIN, YEW SU FONG , IMA NIRWANA SOELAIMAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):393-402.	html	pdf
High prevalence of goiter in an iodine replete area: do thyroid auto-antibodies play a role? MAHIN HASHEMIPOUR, MASOUD AMINI, ASHRAF AMINORROAYA, HASSAN REZVANIAN, ALI KACHOEI, MANSOUR SIAVASH, MOHAMMAD HASSAN MOADDAB, MOHAMMAD MOHAMMADI, ROYA KELISHADI, JALE AMINI, SASSAN HAGHIGHI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):403-410.	html	pdf
Macro- Micro- and Phyto-nutrients   Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects AKIRA KAWASHIMA, TAKEO MADARAME, HIROTO KOIKE, YASUHIRO KOMATSU, JOHN A WISE Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):411-421.	html	pdf
Effects of gamma-tocopherol supplementation on thrombotic risk factors INDU SINGH, ALAN H TURNER, ANDREW J SINCLAIR, DUO LI, JOHN A HAWLEY Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):422-428.	html	pdf
The effect of n–3 PUFA/γ-Cyclodextrin Complex on serum lipids in healthy volunteers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial KOJI KOBAYASHI, KEI HAMAZAKI, SHUNTARO FUJIOKA, KEIJI TERAO, JUNJI YAMAMOTO, SATORU KOBAYASHI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):429-434.	html	pdf
The effect of early nutritional supplementation with a mixture of probiotic, prebiotic, fiber and micronutrients in infants with acute diarrhea in Indonesia RINA AGUSTINA, WIDJAJA LUKITO, AGUS FIRMANSYAH, HARTATI NINGSIH SUHARDJO, DEWI MURNIATI, JACQUES BINDELS Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):435-442.	html	pdf
Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition   The validity of the World Health Organisation’s obesity body mass index criteria in a Turkish population: a hospital-based study EMRE BOZKIRLI, MELEK EDA ERTORER, OKAN BAKINER, NESLIHAN BASCIL TUTUNCU, NILGUN GUVENER DEMIRAG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):443-447.	html	pdf
Food security, selection, and healthy eating in a Pacific Community in Auckland New Zealand ELAINE RUSH, NAITA PUNIANI, NEIL SNOWLING, JANIS PATERSON Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):448-454.	html	pdf
Effect of purple sweet potato leaf consumption on the modulation of the antioxidative status in basketball players during training WEN-HSIN CHANG, CHIAO-MING CHEN, SHENE-PIN HU, NAI-WEN KAN, CHUN-CHIEH CHIU, JEN-FANG LIU Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):455-461.	html	pdf
Rising trends in BMI of Saudi adolescents: evidence from three national cross sectional studies HAZZAA M AL-HAZZAA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):462-466.	html	pdf
Nutritionally-Related Disorders and Disease and Their Risk factors   Milk consumption is a risk factor for prostate cancer in Western countries: evidence from cohort studies LI-QIANG QIN, JIA-YING XU, PEI-YU WANG, JIAN TONG, KAZUHIKO HOSHI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):467-476.	html	pdf
Intake of vitamin A-rich foods and lung cancer risk in Taiwan: with special reference to garland chrysanthemum and sweet potato leaf consumption YI-RU JIN, MEEI-SHYUAN LEE, JANG-HWA LEE, HON-KI HSU, JAU-YEONG LU, SHIN-SHIN CHAO, KOW-TONG CHEN, SAOU-HSING LIOU, LUO-PING GER Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):477-488.	html	pdf
Short-term effectiveness of an individual counseling program for impaired fasting glucose and mild type 2 diabetes in Japan: a multi-center randomized control trial MAKOTO WATANABE, AKIRA OKAYAMA, KAZUAKI SHIMAMOTO, HIROTSUGU UESHIMA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):489-497.	html	pdf
Tocotrienol levels in adipose tissue of benign and malignant breast lumps in patients in Malaysia KALANITHI NESARETNAM, PATRICIA ALISON GOMEZ, KANGA RANI SELVADURAY, GAZALI.ABDUL RAZAK Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):498-504.	html	pdf
Growth and Child Nutrition   Multiple micronutrient fortification of salt and its effect on cognition in Chennai school children MALAVIKA VINODKUMAR, SRINIVASA RAJAGOPALAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):505-511.	html	pdf
Determinants of child malnutrition during the 1999 economic crisis in selected poor areas of Indonesia SAPTAWATI BARDOSONO, SOEMILAH SASTROAMIDJOJO, WIDJAJA LUKITO Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):512-526.	html	pdf
Anemia in pregnancy in Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey JAMAIYAHV HANIFF, ANITA DAS, LIM TECK ONN, CHEN WON SUN, NORAIHAN MOHD NORDIN, SANJAY RAMPAL, SAFIAH BAHRIN, MURALITHARAN GANESLINGAM, KUMAR ISWARAN K. KULARATNAM, ZAKI MORAD MOHAMAD ZAHER, MALAYSIAN ANEMIA STUDY GROUP Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):527-536.	html	pdf
Influences on maternal and child nutrition in the highlands of the northern Lao PDR WENDY HOLMES, DAMIAN HOY, ANNE LOCKLEY, KHAMPHO THAMMAVONGXAY, SOMPHAO BOUNNAPHOL, ANONH XEUATVONGSA, MICHAEL TOOLE Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):537-545.	html	pdf
Aging and Elder’s Nutrition   Determinants of blood pressure among Indonesian elderly individuals who are of normal and over-weight: a cross sectional study in an urban population SUDIJANTO KAMSO, JOHANNA SP RUMAWAS, WIDJAJA LUKITO, PURWANTYASTUTI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):546-553.	html	pdf
Effect of continuous enteral L-arginine in a rat model of the short bowel syndrome XIAOHUA JIANG, WEIMING ZHU, NING LI, LI TAN, JIESHOU LI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):554-560.	html	pdf
Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health   A national study of the prevalence of obesity among 16,127 Malaysians GR LEKHRAJ RAMPAL, SANJAY RAMPAL MBBS, GEOK LIN KHOR, AZHAR MD ZAIN, M PSYCH, SHAFIE B OOYUB, RAMLEE B RAHMAT, SIRAJOON NOOR GHANI, JAYANTHI KRISHNAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):561-566.	html	pdf
Comparisons of attitudes and practices between obese and normal weight women in Taiwan SHENE-PIN HU, TZU-YIN CHIANG, SUNG-LING YEH, YI-WEN CHIEN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):567-571.	html	pdf
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors in aboriginal Taiwanese: findings from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan CHING-SUNG HO, ALAN C TSAI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):572-579.	html	pdf
Anti-obesity drug use before professional treatment in Taiwan TSAN-HON LIOU, CHIH-HSING WU, HSU-CHEN CHIEN, WEN-YUAN LIN, WEI-JEI LEE, PESUS CHOU Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):580-586.	html	pdf

 

top

Improved α-amylase and Helicobacter pylori inhibition by fenugreek extracts derived via solid-state bioconversion using Rhizopus oligosporus

Reena Randhir and Kalidas Shetty

The present research investigated the enrichment of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum) seed substrate with phenolic antioxidants and L-DOPA via fungal-based solid-state bioconversion (SSB) system.  This approach using food grade fungus Rhizopus oligosporus, was chosen because it has been demonstrated to be effective in other seed and food substrates for improving health-relevant functionality and has long history of use for food processing in Asia. The protein content and b-glucosidase activity of the substrate which reflects fungal growth, increased with incubation time in conjunction with enhanced phenolic content and also suggested its possible involvement in phenolic mobilization. The antioxidant activity assayed by b-carotene bleaching and DPPH free radical scavenging methods both indicated high activity during early growth stage (days 4-6) followed by reduced activity during later growth stage (days 8-20). A direct association between higher phenolic contents during early growth stage (days 4-6) and antioxidant activity suggested a link to mobilization of polymeric and hydrophobic phenolic forms. The L-DOPA content of the fenugreek extract fluctuated during the course of bioconversion with higher levels during days 6-10 (1.5-1.7 mg/g DW). The SSB process substantially improved the in vitro porcine a-amylase inhibition activity by 75 % on day 4 which correlated to higher levels of total phenolics and related antioxidant activity of the extracts. The high a-amylase inhibitory activity also coincided with high L-DOPA content on day 6. These results have implications for diet-based diabetes management. The same bioconversion stage had Helicobacter pylori inhibitory activity, which has implications for ulcer management.

Key Words: fenugreek, a-amylase inhibition, type 2 diabetes, solid-state bioconversion (SSB), Rhizopus oligosporus, b-glucosidase, phenolics, antioxidant activity, L-DOPA (levo-dihydroxy phenylalanine), superoxide dismutase, antioxidant protection factor, Helicobacter pylori inhibition

 

top

葫蘆巴籽萃取物經過Rhizopus oligosporus的固態形式生物轉換改善α-澱粉酶及幽門螺旋桿菌抑制作用

本研究透過以真菌為基礎的固態形式生物轉換（SSB）系統，使葫蘆巴籽(Trigonella foenum graceum)基質酚類抗氧化劑與L­­-DOPA強化。這個方法採用食物等級的黴菌Rhizopus oligosporus，選擇的原因為它已經被指出對其他種籽及食物基質具改善健康相關功能之效益。在亞洲地區被運用在食品加工已經有長久歷史。基質中蛋白質含量及β-葡萄糖苷活性反應真菌生長情形，他們的量隨著培養時間增加及增加的酚類的量增加而增加。同時也指出他們可能參與酚的流動。抗氧化活性是採用β-胡蘿蔔漂白及DPPH自由基去除方法分析，兩者都顯示在早期生長期(第4-6天)有高活性，後期生長期(第8-20天)活性則下降。早期生長期(第4-6天)較高的酚類含量與抗氧化活性直接的相關，指出其與聚合過程及疏水性酚類形式的關聯性。葫蘆巴籽萃取物的L-DOPA含量在生物轉換過程中起伏，在第6-10天量較高(1.5-1.7 mg/g DW)。SSB過程顯著促進了豬隻α-澱粉酶體外試驗抑制活性，在第4天時達75%，此與萃取物高量的總酚類及相關抗氧化物活性有關。α-澱粉酶抑制活性的高峰也伴隨著高的L-DOPA含量。這些結果對糖尿病飲食管理有其意義；相同的生物轉換階段的幽門螺旋桿菌抑制活性對潰瘍管理也有意義。

關鍵字：葫蘆巴籽、α-澱粉酶抑制作用、第二型糖尿病、固態形式生物轉換(SSB)、Rhizopus oligosporus、β-葡萄糖苷、抗氧化物活性、L-DOPA(levo-二羥基苯丙酮胺酸)、超氧化歧化酶、抗氧化物保護因子、幽門螺旋桿菌。

  top

Recycled palm oil is better than soy oil in maintaining bone properties in a menopausal syndrome model of ovariectomized rat

AHMAD NAZRUN SHUID, LOH HONG CHUAN, NORAZLINA MOHAMED, KAMSIAH JAARIN, YEW SU FONG , IMA NIRWANA SOELAIMAN

Palm oil is shown to have antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol lowering effects.  It is resistant to oxidation when heated compared to other frying oils such as soy oil. When a frying oil is heated repeatedly, it forms toxic degradation products, such as aldehydes which when consumed, may be absorbed into the systemic circulation. We have studied the effects of taking soy or palm oil that were mixed with rat chow on the bone histomorphometric parameters of ovariectomised rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: (1) normal control group; (2) ovariectomised-control group; (3) ovariectomised and fresh soy oil; (4)  ovariectomised and soy oil heated once; (5) ovariectomised and soy oil heated five times; (6) ovariectomised and fresh palm oil; (7) ovariectomised and palm oil heated once; (8) ovariectomised and palm oil heated five times. These oils were mixed with rat chow at weight ratio of 15:100 and were given to the rats daily for six months. Ovariectomy had caused negative effects on the bone histomorphometric parameters. Ingestion of both fresh and once-heated oils, were able to offer protections against the negative effects of ovariectomy, but these protections were lost when the oils were heated five times. Soy oil that was heated five times actually worsens the histomorphometric parameters of ovariectomised rats. Therefore, it may be better for postmenopausal who are at risk of osteoporosis to use palm oil as frying oil especially if they practice recycling of frying oils.

Key Words: palm oil, vitamin E, heated frying oils, ovariectomy, bone histomorphometry

 

top

回鍋棕櫚油在維持有更年期症狀卵巢切除的大鼠之骨質狀況較黃豆油佳

棕櫚油具抗氧化作用、抗癌及降低膽固醇之效力。它比起其他如黃豆油等炸油，在加熱時抗氧化作用。當炸油重複地加熱，會生成毒性降解產物像是醛類，在被攝取後可能被吸收進入系統循環中。我們研究卵巢切除的大鼠攝取混合黃豆油或是棕櫚油的大鼠飼料，對骨質組織型態學參數之影響。將母的Sprague-Dawley大鼠分成八組：(1)正常控制組；(2)卵巢切除控制組；(3)卵巢切除及新鮮黃豆油；(4)卵巢切除及加熱一次黃豆油；(5)卵巢切除及加熱五次黃豆油；(6)卵巢切除及新鮮棕櫚油；(7)卵巢切除及加熱一次棕櫚油；(8)卵巢切除及加熱五次棕櫚油。這些油脂與大鼠飼料以大鼠體重比為15：100的比例混合，每天給予此食物共六個月。卵巢切除對骨質組織型態學參數有負面影響。攝取新鮮及加熱一次的油可以提供保護作用，對抗卵巢切除術的負面影響，但是這些保護作用在加熱五次的油則消失。大豆油加熱五次確實使卵巢切除大鼠的組織型態學參數變得較差。因此，對於有骨質疏鬆危險性的已停經者而言，最好使用棕櫚油當做炸油，尤其是習慣使用回鍋油者。

關鍵字：棕櫚油、維生素E、加熱炸油、卵巢切除、骨質組織型態學。

 

 

top

High prevalence of goiter in an iodine replete area: do thyroid auto-antibodies play a role?

MAHIN HASHEMIPOUR, MASOUD AMINI, ASHRAF AMINORROAYA, HASSAN REZVANIAN, ALI KACHOEI, MANSOUR SIAVASH, MOHAMMAD HASSAN MOADDAB, MOHAMMAD MOHAMMADI, ROYA KELISHADI, JALE AMINI, SASSAN HAGHIGHI

Introduction: Despite long standing iodine supplementation in Iran the prevalence of goiter remains high in some areas. This may suggest that causes other than iodine deficiency, such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, should also be considered. We therefore assessed the prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in children living in an inland area in Iran and correlated these findings with prevalence of goiter within this region.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 1948 students were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from the 108 primary schools (age, 7-13 year-old) of the urban and rural areas of Semirom. After obtaining written consent from their parents, the children were examined by endocrinologists for goiter grading. Grade 2 goitrous children (108 cases) were compared with non-goitrous children (111 children as control group) for anti-thyroid antibodies.

Results: Overall, 36.7% of 1948 students had goiter. The mean urinary iodine excretion level was 1.49±0.7 µmol/L. This was within normal limits. Of 219 children studied, 4.3% presented with subclinical hypothyroidism, and 7.3% had positive anti-thyroid antibodies. There was non-significant difference of positive thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO) (Odds Ratio= 3.2, p= 0.13) but significant difference of anti Tg between goitrous and non goitrous children (Odds Ratio: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.18-26.0, p: 0.015). 

Conclusion: This study suggests that autoimmunity may be one of the mechanisms responsible for goiter persistence after iodine replenishment in this iodine deficient region, but the role of other factors should also be considered.

Key Words: goiter, antithyroid antibody, throidperoxidase, antibody, autoimmune thyroid disease

top

 

碘充足的地區的高甲狀腺腫盛行率：甲狀腺自體抗體是否扮演一個角色?

前言：儘管伊朗長期補充碘，但在某些地區的甲狀腺腫盛行率仍然相當高。這個現象指出除了碘缺乏以外的原因，像是自體免疫疾病也應該被考慮。我們因此評估居住在伊朗內陸地區的孩童抗甲狀腺抗體的盛行率，並將其與這個區域甲狀腺腫盛行率作相關。

方法：一個橫斷性研究，從Semiron的108所城市及鄉村的小學(年齡為7-13歲)以多階段隨機集束抽樣選取1948名學生。取得父母所簽署的同意書之後，由內分泌醫師評估孩童的甲狀腺腫等級。比較第二級甲狀腺腫孩童(108名案例)及非甲狀腺腫孩童(111名孩童為控制組