Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume 16, issue 2
(June 2007)


Abstracts

Contents	Abstract	Papers
Review Article   Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich extracts: role in diabetes and eye function DILIP GHOSH AND TETSUYA KONISHI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):200-208.	html	pdf
Original Articles   Nutritional Pathophysiology   Fructose malabsorption in Thai adults NARUMON DENSUPSOONTORN, PIPOP JIRAPINYO, NUCHNOI THAMONSIRI AND RENU WONGARN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):209-212.	html	pdf
Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of delayed postoperative bowel function and poor surgical outcomes in right-sided colon cancer patients VARUT LOHSIRIWAT, VITOON CHINSWANGWATANAKUL, SUPATRA LOHSIRIWAT, THAWATCHAI AKARAVIPUTH, WIROON BOONNUCH, ASADA METHASADE AND DARIN LOHSIRIWAT Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):213-217.	html	pdf
Cytokines related to nutritional status in patients with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia ELVINA KARYADI,  WIL MV DOLMANS, CLIVE E WEST, REINOUT VAN CREVEL, RONALD HH NELWAN,  ZULKIFLI AMIN, RAINER GROSS, JOHANNA VAN DER VEN-JONGEKRIJG AND JOS WM VAN DER MEER Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):218-226.	html	pdf
Macro- Micro- and Phyto-nutrients   Extent of error in estimating nutrient intakes from food tables versus laboratory estimates of cooked foods SHASHI AJIT CHIPLONKAR AND VAISHALI VILAS AGTE Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):227-239.	html	pdf
Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition   The association between amount of cigarettes smoked and overweight, central obesity among Chinese adults in Nanjing, China FEI XU, XIAO-MEI YIN AND YOUFA WANG  Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):240-247.	html	pdf
Correlation of dyslipidemia with waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index in Iranian adults ALI CHEHREI, SAEID SADRNIA, AMMAR HASSANZADEH KESHTELI, MOHAMMAD ALI DANESHMAND AND JALAL REZAEI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):248-253.	html	pdf
Insulin, lipid profiles and measures of fatness in Taiwanese women in relation to duration of residence in Australia WAN-PING LEE, JENNIFER LINGARD AND MARGARET BERMINGHAM Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):254-261.	html	pdf
Nutritionally-Related Disorders and Disease and Their Risk factors   Association between serum CRP concentrations with dietary intake in healthy and dyslipidaemic patients MAJID GHAYOUR-MOBARHAN, HANYEH YAGHOOTKAR, SUZAN A LANHAM-NEW, DAVID J LAMB, AND GORDON A FERNS Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):262-268.	html	pdf
Red cell folate and predicted neural tube defect rate in three Asian cities TIMOTHY J GREEN, C MURRAY SKEAFF, BERNARD J VENN, JENNIFER EP ROCKELL, JOANNE M TODD, GEOK L KHOR, SU PENG LOH, G DURAISAMY, SITI MUSLIMATUN, RINA AGUSTINA, XU LING AND XIAOPING XING Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):269-273.	html	pdf
Growth and Child Nutrition   Reduction in childhood malnutrition in Vietnam from 1990 to 2004 NGUYEN CONG KHAN, LE DANH TUYEN, TRAN XUAN NGOC, PHAN HOAI DUONG, HA HUY KHOI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):274-278.	html	pdf
Nutritional status, body composition and health conditions of the Karen hill tribe children aged 1-6 years in Northern Thailand PRASONG TIENBOON AND PRASIT WANGPAKAPATTANAWONG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):279-285.	html	pdf
Diet supplemented with MCT oil in the management of childhood diarrhea CELESTE C TANCHOCO, ARSENIA J CRUZ, JOSSIE M ROGACCION, ROSEMARIE S CASEM, MARIETTA P RODRIGUEZ, CONSUELO L ORENSE AND LILIBETH C HERMOSURA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):286-292.	html	pdf
Psychosocial care and nutritional status of children aged 6-36 months among patrilineal (Karo) and matrilineal (Minangkabau) households in Jakarta JUDHIASTUTY FEBRUHARTANTY, AVITA A USFAR, ERMITA DIANAWATI, DUMA O FRANSISCA, AIRIN ROSHITA AND UMI FAHMIDA Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):293-300.	html	pdf
Zinc-iron, but not zinc-alone supplementation, increased linear growth of stunted infants with low haemoglobin UMI FAHMIDA, JOHANNA SP RUMAWAS, BUDI UTOMO, SOEMIARTI PATMONODEWO AND WERNER SCHULTINK Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):301-309.	html	pdf
Maternal and Women’s Nutrition   Anaemia in pregnant, post partum and non pregnant women in Lak District, Daklak Province of Vietnam LIEU THI THUY TRINH AND MICHAEL DIBLEY Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):310-315.	html	pdf
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding duration in Xinjiang, PR China FENGLIAN XU, COLIN BINNS, SU ZHENG, YAN WANG, YUN ZHAO AND ANDY LEE Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):316-321.	html	pdf
Aging and Elder’s Nutrition   Fatty acid intakes and food sources in a population of older Australians VICTORIA M FLOOD, KAREN L WEBB, ELENA ROCHTCHINA, BRIDGET KELLY AND PAUL MITCHELL Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):322-330.	html	pdf
Long-term adoption of a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better health status in elderly people; a cross-sectional survey in Cyprus DEMOSTHENES B PANAGIOTAKOS, ANNA POLYSTIPIOTI, NATASSA PAPAIRAKLEOUS AND EVANGELOS POLYCHRONOPOULOS Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):331-337.	html	pdf
Interview to study the determinants of hypertension in older adults in Taiwan: a population based cross-sectional survey ALAN CHUNG-HONG TSAI, JENN-CHANG LIOU AND MING-CHENG CHANG Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):338-345.	html	pdf
A multidimensional assessment of nutritional and health status of rural elderly Malays  SUZANA SHAHAR, ZURIATI IBRAHIM, AFAF RUHI ABDUL FATAH, SURIAH ABDUL RAHMAN, NOOR AINI MOHD YUSOFF, FATIMAH ARSHAD, ZAITUN YASSIN AND SITI NUR ‘ASYURA ADZNAM   Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):346-353.	html	pdf
Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health   Physical activity among adolescents in Taiwan LI-JUNG CHEN , ANNE M HAASE AND KENNETH R FOX Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):354-361.	html	pdf
Metabolic syndrome: recent prevalence in East and Southeast Asian populations PAUL NESTEL, RAMON LYU, LIP PING LOW, WAYNE HUEY-HERNIG SHEU, WANNEE NITIYANANT, IKUO SAITO AND CHEE ENG TAN Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):362-367.	html	pdf
Household food security status measured by the US-Household Food Security/Hunger Survey Module (US-FSSM) is in line with coping strategy indicators found in urban and rural Indonesia AVITA A USFAR, UMI FAHMIDA AND JUDHIASTUTY FEBRUHARTANTY  Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):368-374.	html	pdf
Attitudes of agricultural scientists in Indonesia towards genetically modified foods JUDHIASTUTY FEBRUHARTANTY, TRI NISA WIDYASTUTI AND DWI NASTITI ISWARAWANTI Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):375-380.	html	pdf
Future Events Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):381.	pdf

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Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich extracts: role in diabetes and eye function

DILIP GHOSH AND TETSUYA KONISHI
Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments in the plant kingdom, known collectively as flavonoids. More than 8000 flavonoids, and 500 anthocyanin structures had been reported by the year 2000 and more are continually being isolated. Anthocyanins are believed to display an array of beneficial actions on human health and well-being. Due to our increasing understanding and awareness of the potential beneficial human health effects, research on anthocyanins has recently intensified. During the past two decades an increasing number of studies have investigated the diverse protective effects elicited by polyphenolics present in various fruits and vegetables. These effects include antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, antiproliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, protection from cardiovascular damage and allergy, microcirculation improvement, peripheral capillary fragility prevention, diabetes prevention, and vision improvement. Other physiological effects are continually being investigated. The aim of the present article is to summarise the known anti-diabetic and eye function properties of anthocyanins to help in our understanding of their functional mechanism.

Key Words: anthocyanins, anthocyanin-rich extracts, disease prevention, diabetes, eye function

 

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花青素及富含花青素萃取物在糖尿病及眼睛功能的角色

花青素是一种水溶性的植物色素。从广义上看，属酚类化合物中的类黄酮类。目前已经有8000 多种酚类化合物被分离出来, 其中有500 多种是花青素。近年来对花青素可能对健康带来的好处的研究越来越多。将来花青素的这种特性在功能食品和保健食品中有可能得到日益广范的应用。在过去的二十年间越来越多的研究结果表明水果和蔬菜中的种酚类化合物多种多样的保护作用。其中包括抗氧性, 抗过敏, 抗炎症, 抗病毒, 抗细胞扩散, 抗突变因素, 抗微生物, 抗癌, 保护免受心血管损伤和过敏, 改善微循环, 预防周边微血管脆弱, 预防糖尿病, 和改善视觉等作用。为了帮助我们理解花青素的作用机制, 本文总结了多年来花青素对于预防糖尿病和改善视觉方面的研究成果。
關鍵字：花青素、富含花青素萃取物、疾病預防、糖尿病、眼睛功能。

 

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Fructose malabsorption in Thai adults

NARUMON DENSUPSOONTORN, PIPOP JIRAPINYO, NUCHNOI THAMONSIRI AND RENU WONGARN

Fructose malabsorption has not been well-defined in Thai populations but there has been increasing consumption of fructose-fortified drinks. Objectives: To assess the incidence of fructose malabsorption and intolerance in Thai normal subjects as well as the facilitating effect of glucose on fructose absorption. Methods: Twenty-five gram of fructose was ingested by 77 subjects (37 men, 40 women; mean age 26 and 31 y, range 20-50 y and 21-50 y for men and women, respectively). Measurement of breath-H2 levels after fructose ingestion in each subject up to 2 h was performed. Those who showed fructose malabsorption were later given 25 g of each glucose and fructose and second tests of breath-H2 tests were done. Results: Fructose malabsorption was found in eleven females with a significant rise in average breath-H2 level at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (p < 0.001), whereas none of the males had an abnormal breath-H2 test. Only 1 of the 11 females with increased breath H2 had gastrointestinal symptoms. In all the fructose malabsorbers, excess breath-H2 reverted to normal when the fructose solution was mixed and administered with 25 g glucose (p < 0.001).  Conclusion: The incidence rate of fructose malabsorption was 11 of 77 subjects but these were female. One of the 11 had gastrointestinal symptoms. It was found that an equal amount of glucose would abolish fructose malabsorption.
Key Words: Breath-H2 test, Fructose malabsorption, Fructose intolerance

 

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泰國成年人之果糖吸收不良

在泰國，添加果糖的飲料消耗量日漸增加，而果糖吸收不良在泰國族群尚未被完整定義。目的：評估果糖吸收不良及耐受不良在泰國正常人的盛行率及葡萄糖對果糖吸收的影響。方法：77 名研究對象(37 名男性，40 名女性；男女平均年齡分別為26 歲及31歲，範圍在20-50 歲及21-50 歲)食用25 公克的果糖。每名研究對象在食用果糖兩個小時後測量呼出氫氣的含量。有果糖吸收不良的人，之後再給予葡萄糖及果糖各25 公克，並測量第二次呼氣中氫氣的含量。結果：11 名女性有果糖吸收不良現象，她們在30、60、90 及120 分鐘，呼氣中氫氣含量顯著上升(p<0.001)，反之沒有任何一名男性其呼氣氫氣測量不正常。在11 名呼氣中氫氣含量上升的女性中只有1 名有腸胃道症狀。在所有果糖吸收不良者，當攝取果糖溶液混合25 公克的葡萄糖後，會使呼氣中過多的氫氣恢復正常(p<0.001)。結論：果糖吸收不良的發生率在77 名研究對象中有11 名，且均為女性。11名研究對象中有一名有腸胃道症狀。此研究結果發現等量的葡萄糖可以消除果糖吸收不良。
關鍵字：呼吸氫氣測試、果糖吸收不良、果糖不耐症。

 

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Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of delayed postoperative bowel function and poor surgical outcomes in right-sided colon cancer patients

VARUT LOHSIRIWAT, VITOON CHINSWANGWATANAKUL, SUPATRA LOHSIRIWAT, THAWATCHAI AKARAVIPUTH, WIROON BOONNUCH, ASADA METHASADE AND DARIN LOHSIRIWAT

Purpose: To determine the relationship between preoperative serum albumin and postoperative bowel function as well as surgical outcomes in right-sided colon cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective study in a university hospital included 84 patients who underwent elective right hemicolectomy for adenocarcinoma of the right-sided colon between January 2004 and December 2005. The patients had a preoperative serum albumin assessment. Serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dL was regarded as hypoalbuminemia. Postoperative outcomes were classified into mortality, morbidity (infectious and noninfectious complications), time to first bowel movement, time to resume normal diet, and hospital stay. Results: Forty males (48%) and forty-four females (52%) with a mean age of 64 (range, 27-89) years were included. Forty-eight patients (57%) had hypoalbuminemia. No 30-day postoperative mortality occurred. All 14 postoperative complications occurred in hypoalbuminemic cases. Therefore, 29% of the hypoalbuminemics had complications whereas none occurred in nonhypoalbuminemics (p=0.001). In univariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia and postoperative complications were the risk factors for delayed postoperative recovery of bowel function and prolonged length of hospital stay. In multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia was the significant risk factor for postoperative complications (p<0.001) and delayed time to first bowel movement (p=0.018) whereas postoperative complications were the significant risk factor for delayed time to resume normal diet (p<0.001) and prolonged hospital stay (p<0.001). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is a potential predictor of delayed recovery of bowel function postoperatively and significantly associated with postoperative complications in right-sided colon cancer patients undergone right hemicolectomy.
Key Words: hypoalbuminemia, colectomy, postoperative complications, ileus, nutrition

 

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低血清白蛋白是右側結腸癌病人術後大腸功能延遲及不良手術結果之預測因子
目的：探討右側結腸癌病人術前血清白蛋白與術後大腸功能及手術結果之相關。
方法：這個回溯性研究是在大學醫院進行，共有84 名病人在2004 年1 月至2005 年12 月完成右側結腸腺癌的選擇性右側大腸切除。病人經過術前血清白蛋白評估，低於3.5g/dL 視為低白蛋白血症。術後結果分為死亡、疾病(感染與非感染併發症)、第一次排便時間、第一次恢復正常飲食時間及住院天數。結果：有40 名男性(48%)及44 名女性(52%)參與研究，平均年齡為64 歲(範圍27-89 歲)。48 名病人(57%)有低白蛋白血症。沒有30 天術後死亡的情形發生。14 名有術後併發症者均為低白蛋白血症的病例。因此，有29%的低白蛋白血症者有併發症，反之非低白蛋白血症者則未發生(p<0.001)。單變項分析發現，低白蛋白血症與術後併發症為延遲術後大腸功能恢復及延長住院天數的危險因子。多變項分析中，低白蛋白為術後併發症(p<0.001)及延後第一次排便時間(p=0.018)的顯著危險因子，而術後併發症為延後恢復正常飲食時間(p<0.001)及延長住院天數(p<0.001)的危險因子。結論：低白蛋白血症是右側結腸病人完成右側大腸切除後，延後術後大腸功能恢復的潛在預測因子，並與術後併發症有顯著相關。
關鍵字：低白蛋白血症、結腸切除術、術後併發症、腸阻塞、營養。

 

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Cytokines related to nutritional status in patients with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia

ELVINA KARYADI,  WIL MV DOLMANS, CLIVE E WEST, REINOUT VAN CREVEL, RONALD HH NELWAN,  ZULKIFLI AMIN, RAINER GROSS, JOHANNA VAN DER VEN-JONGEKRIJG AND JOS WM VAN DER MEER

Although several studies have dealt with the patterns of cytokine production in tuberculosis, little is known about the association between nutrient deficiencies and cytokines in tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to assess the concentration of cytokines related to nutritional status during tuberculosis. In 41 untreated tuberculosis patients and matched healthy controls in an urban hospital in Indonesia, we measured: height and weight, parameters of iron, vitamin A and zinc; and cytokines concentrations in the circulation and production in whole blood cultures. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Patients with cavities (n=26) had higher concentrations of IL-6 than patients without cavities (n=15). Body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6. Anaemia was associated with high concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1ra. Zinc deficiency was associated with high LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-1ra. Marginal plasma retinol concentrations were associated with high concentrations of IL-6 after LPS stimulation. In conclusion, low concentrations of micronutrients in tuberculosis were associated with increased cytokine production. An intervention study would allow causality to be examined.
Key Words: interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, body mass index, micronutrient

 

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印尼未治療肺結核病人細胞激素與營養狀況有關
雖然幾個研究已經探討過結核的細胞激素產生型態，但是結核病人的營養素缺乏與細胞激素間的關係所知有限。本研究目的為評估在結核病期間，細胞激素的濃度與營養狀況的相關。在印尼城市的醫院，41 名未治療的結核病人與其配對的健康對照組，我們測量其身高與體重、鐵、維生素A 及鋅；以及在循環中和全血培養產生的細胞激素濃度。病人的血漿中介白質-6(IL-6)及介白質-1接受體拮抗物(IL-1ra)顯著的較對照組高。有肺部空洞的病人(n=26)比起沒有空洞的病人(n=15)有較高的IL-6 濃度。身體質量指數小於18.5kg/m2 與較高濃度的腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)及IL-6 有關。貧血者有較高的IL-6 及IL-1ra。鋅缺乏與高的LPS-刺激產生TNF-α 及IL-1ra 有關。血漿視網醇濃度臨界缺乏與經LPS 刺激後高濃度的IL-6 相關。綜合以上，肺結核病人低微量營養素濃度與
細胞激素產生增加有關。介入性研究將可評估其因果關係。
關鍵字：介白質-6、腫瘤壞死因子-α、介白質-1 接受體拮抗物、身體質量指數、微量營養素。

 

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Extent of error in estimating nutrient intakes from food tables versus laboratory estimates of cooked foods

SHASHI AJIT CHIPLONKAR AND VAISHALI VILAS AGTE

Individual cooked foods (104) and composite meals (92) were examined for agreement between nutritive value estimated by indirect analysis (E) (Indian National database of nutrient composition of raw foods, adjusted for observed moisture contents of cooked recipes), and by chemical analysis in our laboratory (M). The extent of error incurred in using food table values with moisture correction for estimating macro as well as micronutrients at food level and daily intake level was quantified. Food samples were analyzed for contents of iron, zinc, copper,
β-carotene, riboflavin, thiamine, ascorbic acid, folic acid and also for macronutrients, phytate and dietary fiber. Mean percent difference in energy content between E and M was 3.07±0.6%, that for protein was 5.3±2.0%, for
fat was 2.6±1.8% and for carbohydrates was 5.1±0.9%. Mean percent difference in vitamin contents between E and M ranged from 32 (vitamin C) to 45.5% (β-carotene content); and that for minerals between 5.6 (copper) to 19.8% (zinc). Percent E/M were computed for daily nutrient intakes of 264 apparently healthy adults. These were observed to be 108, 112, 127 and 97 for energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates respectively. Percent E/M for their intakes of copper (102) and β-carotene (114) were closer to 100 but these were very high in the case of zinc
(186), iron (202), and vitamins C (170), thiamine (190), riboflavin (181) and folic acid (165). Estimates based on food composition table values with moisture correction show macronutrients for cooked foods to be within ± 5% whereas at daily intake levels the error increased up to 27%. The lack of good agreement in the case of several micronutrients indicated that the use of Indian food tables for micronutrient intakes would be inappropriate.
Key Words: micronutrient, error estimate, food tables, cooked foods’ composition

 

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以食物成分表及實驗室分析熟食估計營養素攝取量之誤差程度
使用間接分析(E)(印度國家生鮮食物營養素成分資料庫，已校正烹調後水分含量)及我們實驗室做的化學分析(M)來評估煮熟食物單項(104)和混合餐食(92)的營養素值的一致性。我們將使用食物成分表，來評估每日攝取量之巨量及微量營養素會引起誤差的校正水分予以量化。我們分析食物樣本中的鐵、鋅、銅、β-胡蘿蔔素、核黃素、硫胺、抗壞血酸、葉酸及巨量營養素、植酸和膳食纖維。在E 和M 之間熱量平均相差3.07±0.6%、蛋白質5.3±2.0%、脂質2.6±1.8%及醣類5.1±0.9%。在E 和M 之間維生素平均差異從32(維生素C)到45.5%(β-胡蘿蔔素)；而礦物質從5.6(銅)到19.8%(鋅)。計算264 名健康成人每日營養素攝取量E/M 百分比。熱量、蛋白質、脂質及醣類分別為108、112、127 及97。他們的銅(102)及β-胡蘿蔔素(114)攝取E/M 百分比接近一百，而鋅(186)、鐵(202)及維生素C(170)、硫胺(190)、核黃素(181)及葉酸(165)卻相當高。使用經校正水分的食物成分表後，顯示熟食的巨量營養素誤差在± 5%，而每日攝取量誤差則增加至27%。多個微量營養素的評估一致性欠佳，顯示使用印度的食物成分表評估微量營養素攝取量並不恰當。
關鍵字：微量營養素、誤差估計、食物成分表、熟食食物組成。